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Status
IN PROGRESS
Stakeholders

 Makoto Takemiya Egor Ivkov Nikita Puzankov

Outcome
Due date
Owner
Makoto Takemiya

Background

Smart contracts have the potential to automate business processes and create logic that can be executed without human interaction. This can be useful for minimizing trust and creating truly decentralized applications.

In Iroha v1 a finite set of commands was provided, but they were inflexible and Turing complete computation was not possible. To increase the usefulness of Iroha, in v2 we allow full, Turing complete computation, while still making common tasks easy by providing Iroha Special Instructions (ISI).

In other blockchain platforms, complex smart contract features exist, for example Ethereum Solidity. However, the style of creating a contract, deploying it, and then sending tokens, etc., to the contract to interact with it seems to not only have a lot of overhead, but is itself quite prone to mistakes and attacks. In Iroha we take the approach where we use a simple data model consisting of domains, accounts, and assets, which then can go through various interactions to change their properties. In this way, if someone wants to create some logic involving an asset, for example, an Event trigger can be put on transactions for the asset that matches certain parameters and instructions can be executed on the asset. In this way, ISI works more like database triggers than deployed smart contracts, as in Ethereum.

https://github.com/hyperledger/iroha/blob/iroha2-dev/iroha_2_whitepaper.md

Problem

Iroha Special Instructions should provide safe, fast and user-friendly way to make development of custom and basic smart contracts easier with Turing complete computations supported in it.

  • Simple usage
  • Compile time safety and checks if possible 
  • Turing Completeness

Solution

Iroha 2.0 will provide Iroha Special Instructions and Domain Specific Language for their description.

Iroha Special Instructions with all legal actions provided out-of-the-box with an ability to compose them and combine them with Triggers to create "custom" Iroha Special Instructions.

Good example of simple to use yet powerful DSL is Scratch. It has events (start, key_pressed, etc.), control (repeat, if, etc.),  actions (move, sound, etc.) types of blocks with possibility to combine them.

We can give several types of out-of-the-box Iroha Special Instructions and gave an ability to combine them.

Decisions

Iroha Special Instructions will have actions which can be applied to different domain entities:

  • Register/Unregister (account or asset definition in a domain)
  • Add/Remove (signatory to or from an account, trigger to the peer, domain to the peer, trusted peer to the peer)
  • Transfer (asset from one account to another)
  • Mint/Demint (asset quantity)

Iroha Special Instructions placed as triggers can listen to changes in the system:

  • OnBlockCreated
  • OnBlockchainHeight
  • OnWorldStateViewChange
  • OnTimestamp

Computational operations:

  • Sum
  • Subsctract
  • Multiply
  • Divide
  • RaiseTo
  • Mod

Permissions checks:

  • Can...

Composable types:

  • Pair(Instruction1, Instruction2)
  • Sequence(Vec<Instruction>)
  • If(Condition<Instruction>, Then<Instruction>, Else<Instruction>)

Custom Iroha Special Instructions can be build using composition of out-of-the-box Instructions:

  • Swap - `Pair(Transfer(A→B), Transfer(B→A)) 
  • Exchange
  • etc.

Alternatives

Concerns

Assumptions

Risks

Additional Information

Resources

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