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The table below gives a high-level comprison of examples of... comparison of the components to the process of outcome accounting for two activities that target different SDGs.
Example: GHG reduction through efficient cookstoves | Example: Recycling electronics | What is specific or generic about it? | |
|---|---|---|---|
1. Desired end state | Climate stability | Environment without toxic materials. Fair and efficient use of limited resources (e.g. metals). | |
2. SDG aligned to desired end state | SDG 13: combat climate change and its impacts | SDG 12: Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns | |
3. Causal model related to the end state | "GHG emissions lead to climate change" | If dumped in landfills, incinerated or incorrectly recycled, toxic materials from electronic device components are released into the environment. | |
4. Target intermediate states and activities | Limit GHG emissions | Target 12.5 "By 2030, substantially reduce waste generation through prevention, reduction, recycling and reuse" | |
| 5. Activity and state metrics | Express GHG emissions in terms of the global warming potential of 1 tonne of CO2 over 100 years | Mass of E-Waste recycled % of all E-Waste recycled | Generic: all state metrics have a unit of measure, an underlying rationale, and an argument for their credibility. |
6. Agent responsibility model and entity demarcation | Households own and operate cookstoves | Cities and municipalities operate waste services within their jurisdiction | The principles according to which agents are identified and entities and activities are demarcated are probably fairly generic. |
7. Comparisons Scenario comparisons (counterfactual or real) | Households are assumed to optimise their utility but established patterns have a certain inertia. It is assumed that adoption of new stoves will take place if there are no barriers to such adoptions. | Methods for establishing scenarios are also probably very generic | |
8. Data transformationsData gathering | A specific methodology will typically prescribe the calculation procedures. | Scientific methods of observation and measurement have wide application and acceptance All transformations have to be rational and repeatable | |
9. Data gatheringData transformations | A specific methodology will typically prescribe the calculation procedures. | All transformations have to be rational and repeatableScientific methods of observation and measurement have wide application and acceptance |
Generic formulation
An agent deliberately engages in an activity chosen from a number of alternatives. The outcome of the chosen activity can be expressed in a metric that has a direct bearing on a desired state about which there is broad consensus.
The agent
An individual, or organisation that can take decisions and act upon them
The actvity
Actions and Processes
Material
Artefacts
Installations
The choice
SDG goal
The SDG goals are described as a set of targets under each SDG
Agent goal
Quantitication
Measured part
Counterfactual part