Page History

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1. Bertrand WILLIAMSRIOUX
2. Sherwood Moore
3. Si Chen
4. Arezki Dji

Problem 

Even as we reduce our Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions to stop climate change, the oil and gas industry will remain a central part of the global energy system for decades.  In this period, a top priority is to reduce the amount of methane that is leaked and flared during the production of oil and natural gas. Methane trapped in the geological formations of oil and gas wells is often disposed of as a safety measure, but also leaked or vented to the atmosphere when infrastructure is not available to gather, process and distribute it as natural gas for a profit. This is typical in remote and undeveloped areas (the highest rates are observed in Africa, Figure 1) where methane is burned (flared) and converted into Carbon Dioxide (CO₂), or worse, vented or leaked. 

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The Greenhouse Gas (GHG) warming potential of uncombuseted uncombusted methane is more that 25 times on a CO₂ equivalent (CO₂e) basis. While, flaring was estimated at 142 billion cubic meters (bcm) in 2020 (figure 1), 265 million tons (Mt) CO2e, 8 Mt of methane were released at 240 Mt CO2e (IEA 2020). Assuming a lower combustion efficiency total emissions could reach as high as 1 Gt of CO2e, greater than the total emissions of Germany or all the world's airlines.   

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For more technical details, please see Oil & Gas Methane Emissions Reduction Project. 

Minimum viable product

Our target product is a portal where data from multiple sources of methane emissions could be viewed, and the final methane emissions for a production facility is calculated.  Then an oil & gas producer could also:

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Our team-members has been working on the Supply Chain Decarbonization Project for some time, with the Operating System for Climate Action providing much of the underlying code needed for this challenge.

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1. Collect and prepare emission data (16 4 weeks)
   1. Select a set of typically of oil/gas well and gather relevant data, sourced from company reports, independent sources, (Flaring Monitor), sensors, or simulated.
   2. Create/select a representative model/data set for intermediate processing of oil and gas in a refinery and a power plant to produce a consumer fuel.
   3. Setup up data sources to be storage within a fabric emission channel or IPFS database (Figure 3) 
2. Build the blockchain oracle (16 8 weeks)
   1. Select an oracle service
   2. Integrate the distributed database (fabric/ipfs) with the oracle
   3. Register "real-world" methane emission data as digital token in the layer 2 NFT contracts.
3. Construct emission profiles  (16 4 weeks)
   1. Design UI/UX for for constructing and linking emission inventories
   2. Using the NET network compile emission inventories (accounting boundaries) for each facility using the GHG Protocol corporate reporting standard 
   3. Using C-NFT Bridge accounting boundaries following the Value chain (scope 3) reporting standards: 
4. Simulate trading of methane performance tokens / CI certificate using C-NFT (4 weeks)

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