Page History

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1. Introduction
2. Hyperledger Foundation
3. Hyperledger Projects
4. Hyperledger India Chapter
5. Blockchain Adoption in India
   1. Key Impact Areas
   2. Indian Blockchain Policy
6. Hyperledger Applications in Indian Subcontinent 
   A.    Andhra Pradesh
   B.    Arunachal Pradesh
   C.    Assam
   D.    Bihar
   E.    Chhattisgarh 
   F.    Goa
   G.    Gujarat
   H.    Haryana
   I.    Himachal Pradesh
   J.    Jharkhand
   K.    Karnataka
   L.    Kerala
   M.   Madhya Pradesh
   N.    Maharashtra
   O.    Manipur 
   P.    Meghalaya
   Q.    Mizoram
   R.    Nagaland
   S.    Odisha
   T.    Punjab
   U.   Rajasthan
   V.    Sikkim 
   W.   Tamil Nadu
   X.    Telangana
   Y.    Tripura
   Z.    Uttarakhand
   AA.    Uttar Pradesh
   AB.    West Bengal 
   AC.    Andaman and Nicobar Islands
   AD.    Chandigarh
   AE.    Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman & Diu 
   AF    The Government of NCT of Delhi
   AG.   Jammu & Kashmir
   AH.   Ladakh
   AI.    Lakshadweep
   AI.    Puducherry
7. Additional Resources and Readings
8. Acknowledgement 
9. About the Authors

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The Hyperledger Foundation hosts a number of open source software projects that serve as the building blocks for enterprise blockchain deployments. These projects are conceived and built by the Hyperledger developer community as freely available,  enterprise-grade software that vendors, end user organizations, service providers, start-ups, academics, and others can use to build and deploy blockchain networks and even commercial solutions.

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Hyperledger Projects

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A developer friendly blockchain platform written in C++, aimed at helping businesses and financial institutions manage digital assets.

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Hyperledger India

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Blockchain technology has garnered significant attention and adoption in India across various sectors due to its potential to enhance transparency, security, and efficiency. The Indian government's proactive stance towards digital innovation and the robust tech ecosystem have facilitated the integration of blockchain into multiple facets of the economy.

a) Key Impact Areas

Here are key areas where blockchain adoption is making a substantial impact in India:

1. Financial Services

• Banking: Major banks like State Bank of India (SBI) and ICICI Bank are exploring blockchain for secure and efficient banking operations, including cross-border payments and trade finance. Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is into the development of CBDC.
• Insurance: Companies are utilizing blockchain to streamline claims processing, enhance fraud detection, and improve customer service.

2. Supply Chain Management

• Agriculture: Blockchain is used to track the supply chain of agricultural products, ensuring authenticity and quality. For example, APEDA uses blockchain to ensure transparency in the export of agricultural products.
• Pharmaceuticals: To combat counterfeit drugs, blockchain ensures the traceability of pharmaceutical products from manufacturers to consumers.

3. Public Sector

• Property Registration: States like Andhra Pradesh and Telangana have implemented blockchain for land and property registration, ensuring secure and tamper-proof records.
• Healthcare: The National Health Stack aims to use blockchain to create a unified health record system, improving data security and patient care.

4. Identity Management

• Digital Identity: Initiatives like Aadhaar, India’s biometric identity system, are exploring blockchain to enhance the security and privacy of identity verification processes.

5. Voting Systems

• Elections: The Election Commission of India is researching blockchain-based voting systems to enable secure and transparent remote voting for citizens, especially non-resident Indians (NRIs).

6. Energy Sector

• Renewable Energy: Blockchain is being used to manage and trade renewable energy credits, ensuring efficient and transparent energy transactions.

7. Education

• Credential Verification: Universities and educational institutions are adopting blockchain to issue and verify academic credentials, reducing fraud and streamlining the verification process.

b) Indian Blockchain Policy

India's blockchain policy framework reflects the government's recognition of blockchain technology's potential to transform various sectors by enhancing transparency, security, and efficiency. The policy landscape is evolving, with multiple initiatives and regulatory measures aimed at fostering the development and adoption of blockchain in the country. Here are key elements of India's blockchain policy:

1. National Strategy on Blockchain

The Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) has outlined a National Strategy on Blockchain to leverage the technology for various governmental and private sector applications. The strategy focuses on:

• Promoting Research and Development: Encouraging R&D in blockchain technologies to build indigenous capabilities.
• Creating a National Blockchain Framework: Developing a standardized framework to ensure interoperability and scalability of blockchain solutions across sectors.
• Capacity Building: Training and skill development programs to create a workforce proficient in blockchain technology.
• Pilot Projects: Implementing pilot projects in key areas such as supply chain management, land records, and digital identity to demonstrate blockchain's efficacy.

2. Regulatory Sandbox

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has established a regulatory sandbox to facilitate the testing of innovative financial technologies, including blockchain. This sandbox allows startups and businesses to test their blockchain applications in a controlled environment, ensuring compliance with regulatory requirements while fostering innovation.

Chapter

The Hyperledger India Chapter is responsible for growing the Hyperledger community in India, promoting contributions to Hyperledger projects and providing a platform for collaboration, mentoring and support. The chapter aims to showcase the broad range of Hyperledger projects and initiatives to the Indian audience. It is one of the very active chapters, and continuously organizes events, conferences, and meet-ups. You can find more details about it here.

The current leadership of India Chapter are:

Co-Chairs: Deepika P. Karanji, Vikram Sharma, Kamlesh Nagware

Student Chapter Leads: Ravi Prathap Singh, A. Anasuya Threse Innocent

Event Management Leads: Ritu Jain, Karthikey Kashyap

Developer Advocates: Nidhi Singh, Aditya Joshi, Karthikey Kashyap

Blockchain Adoption in India

Blockchain technology has garnered significant attention and adoption in India across various sectors due to its potential to enhance transparency, security, and efficiency. The Indian government's proactive stance towards digital innovation and the robust tech ecosystem have facilitated the integration of blockchain into multiple facets of the economy.

a) Key Impact Areas

Here are key areas where blockchain adoption is making a substantial impact in India:

1. Financial Services

• Banking: Major banks like State Bank of India (SBI) and ICICI Bank are exploring blockchain for secure and efficient banking operations, including cross-border payments and trade finance. Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is into the development of CBDC.
• Insurance: Companies are utilizing blockchain to streamline claims processing, enhance fraud detection, and improve customer service.

2. Supply Chain Management

• Agriculture: Blockchain is used to track the supply chain of agricultural products, ensuring authenticity and quality. For example, APEDA uses blockchain to ensure transparency in the export of agricultural products.
• Pharmaceuticals: To combat counterfeit drugs, blockchain ensures the traceability of pharmaceutical products from manufacturers to consumers.

3. Public Sector

• Property Registration: States like Andhra Pradesh and Telangana have implemented blockchain for land and property registration, ensuring secure and tamper-proof records.
• Healthcare: The National Health Stack aims to use blockchain to create a unified health record system, improving data security and patient care.

4. Identity Management

• Digital Identity: Initiatives like Aadhaar, India’s biometric identity system, are exploring blockchain to enhance the security and privacy of identity verification processes.

5. Voting Systems

• Elections: The Election Commission of India is researching blockchain-based voting systems to enable secure and transparent remote voting for citizens, especially non-resident Indians (NRIs).

6. Energy Sector

• Renewable Energy: Blockchain is being used to manage and trade renewable energy credits, ensuring efficient and transparent energy transactions.

7. Education

• Credential Verification: Universities and educational institutions are adopting blockchain to issue and verify academic credentials, reducing fraud and streamlining the verification process.

b) Indian Blockchain Policy

India's blockchain policy framework reflects the government's recognition of blockchain technology's potential to transform various sectors by enhancing transparency, security, and efficiency. The policy landscape is evolving, with multiple initiatives and regulatory measures aimed at fostering the development and adoption of blockchain in the country. Here are key elements of India's blockchain policy:

1. National Strategy on Blockchain

The Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) has outlined a National Strategy on Blockchain to leverage the technology for various governmental and private sector applications. The strategy focuses on:

• Promoting Research and Development: Encouraging R&D in blockchain technologies to build indigenous capabilities.
• Creating a National Blockchain Framework: Developing a standardized framework to ensure interoperability and scalability of blockchain solutions across sectors.
• Capacity Building: Training and skill development programs to create a workforce proficient in blockchain technology.
• Pilot Projects: Implementing pilot projects in key areas such as supply chain management, land records, and digital identity to demonstrate blockchain's efficacy.

2. Regulatory Sandbox

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has established a regulatory sandbox to facilitate the testing of innovative financial technologies, including blockchain. This sandbox allows startups and businesses to test their blockchain applications in a controlled environment, ensuring compliance with regulatory requirements while fostering innovation.

3. State-Level Initiatives

Several Indian states have launched their own blockchain initiatives to address specific local challenges. It is discussed in the next section.

4. Financial Sector Regulations

The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) and the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (IRDAI) are exploring the use of blockchain for enhancing the efficiency and transparency of financial transactions, including securities trading and insurance claims processing.

5. Cryptocurrency Regulations

While blockchain technology itself is widely supported, the regulatory environment for cryptocurrencies in India has been more cautious. The following measures reflect the government's stance on cryptocurrencies:

• Cryptocurrency Ban and Lift:

3. State-Level Initiatives

Several Indian states have launched their own blockchain initiatives to address specific local challenges. It is discussed in the next section.

4. Financial Sector Regulations

The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) and the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (IRDAI) are exploring the use of blockchain for enhancing the efficiency and transparency of financial transactions, including securities trading and insurance claims processing.

5. Cryptocurrency Regulations

While blockchain technology itself is widely supported, the regulatory environment for cryptocurrencies in India has been more cautious. The following measures reflect the government's stance on cryptocurrencies:

• Cryptocurrency Ban and Lift: In 2018, the RBI imposed a ban on banks dealing with cryptocurrency transactions, which was lifted by the Supreme Court in 2020.
• Cryptocurrency Bill: The government has proposed various drafts of cryptocurrency regulation, aiming to create a regulatory framework that distinguishes between blockchain technology and the speculative nature of cryptocurrencies. The latest discussions suggest a balanced approach to regulating cryptocurrencies, focusing on preventing illegal activities while fostering innovation.

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Uttarakhand has launched a pilot project for blockchain-based asset tracking solutions with its medical colleges. Utilizing blockchain technology as a decentralized distributed ledger, the project aims to solve inventory and asset management issues across medical colleges and hospitals. It will aggregate data from multiple centers, enabling secure cross-collaboration. This approach is expected to enhance efficiencies, improve inventory management, and reduce instances of overspending on equipment.

AA.    Uttar Pradesh

Tamil Nadu has made notable strides in the adoption of blockchain technology across various sectors. The state government launched the "Nambikkai Inaiyam" project to provide every citizen with a unique state ID, integrating essential documents into a single digital wallet accessible via the e-Pettagam App. The Tamil Nadu Blockchain Policy, established in 2020, emphasizes securing government data, academic records, land transactions, and healthcare information using blockchain. 

In December 2022, Tamil Nadu introduced Soulbound Tokens (SBTs) as digital medals, starting with the police department, to recognize outstanding achievements. These non-transferable tokens represent a person's identity and accomplishments, adding a layer of security and authenticity. In January 2023, the Tamil Nadu Police Idol Wing adopted blockchain for recording complaints and redressing grievances, a pioneering move globally. They also reward informants aiding in idol seizures with NFTs and SBTs.

By June 2023, Tamil Nadu unveiled the Nambikkai Inaiyam (NI) blockchain infrastructure and the e-Pettagam app for secure document sharing. This system protects various records from tampering, including e-sevai certificates, academic certificates, licenses, and land transaction records. These initiatives underscore Tamil Nadu's commitment to leveraging blockchain technology for enhanced governance, transparency, and citizen services.

AB.    West Bengal 

The West Bengal government is making significant strides in integrating blockchain technology into its governance framework. The "West Bengal Blockchain Technology Promotion Guidelines, 2020" outlines a comprehensive plan to leverage blockchain for efficient service delivery, focusing on both government-to-citizen (G2C) and government-to-government (G2G) services. Key initiatives include the use of Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) by the New Town Kolkata Development Authority to manage land ownership records, enhancing transparency and eliminating manual paperwork. Additionally, municipal corporations in Durgapur and Bankura districts have developed a blockchain-based platform for issuing legal documents like birth certificates, ensuring secure processing. In collaboration with Web3 startup Airchains, a blockchain-based system for recording and tracking land ownership and mutations in New Town Kolkata has been introduced, improving transparency, security, and efficiency in land management. The guidelines also propose establishing a hybrid blockchain platform hosted within the state's data center or relevant cloud services, providing robust infrastructure for future applications. These initiatives underscore West Bengal's commitment to harnessing blockchain technology for improved governance.

Union Territories:

AC.    Andaman and Nicobar Islands

As of 2024, there isn't any publicly available information indicating significant developments in blockchain technology by the Andaman and Nicobar Islands government. 

AD.    Chandigarh

The Assistant Professors at NMIMS Chandigarh School of Commerce, have been jointly awarded a patent by the German Patent and Trademark Office for their innovation titled "Blockchain-based System of Secure Transaction Protocol for Efficient Financial Auditing of Large Organisations." Their breakthrough leverages blockchain technology to revolutionize financial auditing by addressing inefficiencies and vulnerabilities in traditional, manual, and centralized auditing systems. Utilizing a dual-layer blockchain architecture, their system enhances security, transparency, and efficiency, incorporating advanced cryptographic techniques, smart contract automation, and user-friendly interfaces. This innovation represents a significant advancement in financial auditing, data integrity, and regulatory compliance, showcasing the transformative potential of blockchain technology in large-scale financial operations.

Uttar Pradesh government is the India's and South-Asia's first government to introduce blockchain based peer-to-peer energy trading for roof-top solar panels, installed in Lucknow. This project is started in 2019 in collaboration with the the Uttar Pradesh Power Corporation (UPPCL), Madhyanchal Vidyut Vitran Nigam Limited (MVVNL), Uttar Pradesh New and Renewable Energy Development Agency (UPNEDA), India Smart Grid Forum(ISGF), and Power Ledger, Australia. 

Apart from the energy sector, Uttar Pradesh government has drafted its blockchain policy in 2018 itself, and successfully implemented land and revenue records in blockchain. Indian Institute of Technology - Kanpur (IIT-K) is working along with the state government and developed blockchain based technology for agricultural applications. 

The government has also piloted trials to award degrees under Niti Aayog. It started issuing digital certificates on the blockchain (IndiaChain) from the 2019 batch onwards. Niti Aayog also running blockchain-based pilots on electronic health records and land records, amongst others will be a huge boost in bringing transparency in governance and reducing frauds.

AB.    West Bengal 

The West Bengal government is making significant strides in integrating blockchain technology into its governance framework. The "West Bengal Blockchain Technology Promotion Guidelines, 2020" outlines a comprehensive plan to leverage blockchain for efficient service delivery, focusing on both government-to-citizen (G2C) and government-to-government (G2G) services. Key initiatives include the use of Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) by the New Town Kolkata Development Authority to manage land ownership records, enhancing transparency and eliminating manual paperwork. Additionally, municipal corporations in Durgapur and Bankura districts have developed a blockchain-based platform for issuing legal documents like birth certificates, ensuring secure processing. In collaboration with Web3 startup Airchains, a blockchain-based system for recording and tracking land ownership and mutations in New Town Kolkata has been introduced, improving transparency, security, and efficiency in land management. The guidelines also propose establishing a hybrid blockchain platform hosted within the state's data center or relevant cloud services, providing robust infrastructure for future applications. These initiatives underscore West Bengal's commitment to harnessing blockchain technology for improved governance.

Union Territories:

AC.    Andaman and Nicobar Islands

As of 2024, there isn't any publicly available information indicating significant developments in blockchain technology by the Andaman and Nicobar Islands government. 

AD.    Chandigarh

The Assistant Professors at NMIMS Chandigarh School of Commerce, have been jointly awarded a patent by the German Patent and Trademark Office for their innovation titled "Blockchain-based System of Secure Transaction Protocol for Efficient Financial Auditing of Large Organisations." Their breakthrough leverages blockchain technology to revolutionize financial auditing by addressing inefficiencies and vulnerabilities in traditional, manual, and centralized auditing systems. Utilizing a dual-layer blockchain architecture, their system enhances security, transparency, and efficiency, incorporating advanced cryptographic techniques, smart contract automation, and user-friendly interfaces. This innovation represents a significant advancement in financial auditing, data integrity, and regulatory compliance, showcasing the transformative potential of blockchain technology in large-scale financial operations.

The Blockchain Lab setup at NIELIT Chandigarh serves as a hub for leveraging blockchain technologies in application development. It offers students hands-on experience, covering everything from blockchain fundamentals The Blockchain Lab setup at NIELIT Chandigarh serves as a hub for leveraging blockchain technologies in application development. It offers students hands-on experience, covering everything from blockchain fundamentals to advanced topics within the ecosystem. Students use test-networks to design, deploy distributed applications (dApps), and integrate them with web applications.

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Document Chain is a single platform that provides the issuing authorities and consuming entities a standard procedure for storage and retrieval of any document issued by the government such as caste, income, ration card, driving license, birth & death certificates etc.

The certificates / documents onboarded till now with state / department wise are given below:

Source: https://certificatechain.nic.in/Home/DocumentsOnboarded

Drug Drug Logistics Chain provides traceability in the transactions (track & trace) reducing the changes of entry of spurious drugs, enhances precision and brings transparency. Patient can check the details of the manufacturer, expiry details & quality of the medicine before consumption. Efficient recall system can be implemented when the quality of the drug is found to be not-of-standard. The resulting integrated supply chain system brings in all stake holders to a common platform. This is successfully deployed by the Karnataka state government for the past few years.

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The central organizations and local governments involved involved are:

The departments onboarded till date are:

And the number of documents processed The departments onboarded till date are:

The verification services provided are:

And, the projects in proof of concept stage And the number of documents processed are:

The verification services provided are:

And, the projects in proof of concept stage are:

Source: https://blockchain.gov.in/

Additional Resources and Readings

Different resources have been used to write this whitepaper, and are listed here for further reading and reference.

1. https://8112310.fs1.hubspotusercontent-na1.net/hubfs/8112310/Hyperledger-Foundation-White-Paper.pdf
2. https://www.hyperledger.org/projects#All-Projects
3. https://www.meity.gov.in/writereaddata/files/National_BCT_Strategy.pdf
4. https://www.niti.gov.in/sites/default/files/2020-01/Blockchain_The_India_Strategy_Part_I.pdf
5. https://blockchain.gov.in/
6. https://www.nsws.gov.in/s3fs/2023-12/Puducherry%20Integrated%20Logistics%20Infrastructure%2C%20Multi%20Modal%20Logistics%20Park%20and%20Warehouse%20Policy%202023%20%281%29.pdf
7. https://indianmasterminds.com/features/change-makers/tamil-nadu-police-first-in-the-world-to-adopt-blockchain-technology/
8. https://www.indiatoday.in/cryptocurrency/story/tamil-nadu-government-nfts-as-digital-medal-2304022-2022-12-01
9. https://yourstory.com/the-decrypting-story/india-tamil-nadu-blockchain-mobile-wallet
10. https://tnega.tn.gov.in/assets/pdf/Blockchan_Policy_TamilNadu.pdf
11. https://certificatechain.nic.in/
12. https://invest.up.gov.in/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Uttar-Pradesh-Government_091023.pdf
13. https://www.mercomindia.com/uttar-pradesh-blockchain-rooftop-solar-trading
14. https://entrackr.com/2018/07/uttar-pradesh-build-blockchain/

Acknowledgement 

About the Authors

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A Anasuya Threse Innocent 

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