Page History

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1. Introduction
2. Hyperledger Foundation
3. Hyperledger Projects
4. Hyperledger India Chapter
5. Blockchain Adoption in India
   1. Key Impact Areas
   2. Indian Blockchain Policy
6. Hyperledger Applications in Indian Subcontinent 
   A.    Andhra Pradesh
   B.    Arunachal Pradesh
   C.    Assam
   D.    Bihar
   E.    Chhattisgarh 
   F.    Goa
   G.    Gujarat
   H.    Haryana
   I.    Himachal Pradesh
   J.    Jharkhand
   K.    Karnataka
   L.    Kerala
   M.   Madhya Pradesh
   N.    Maharashtra
   O.    Manipur 
   P.    Meghalaya
   Q.    Mizoram
   R.    Nagaland
   S.    Odisha
   T.    Punjab
   U.   Rajasthan
   V.    Sikkim 
   W.   Tamil Nadu
   X.    Telangana
   Y.    Tripura
   Z.    Uttarakhand
   AA.    Uttar Pradesh
   AB.    West Bengal 
   AC.    Andaman and Nicobar Islands
   AD.    Chandigarh
   AE.    Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman & Diu 
   AF    The Government of NCT of Delhi
   AG.   Jammu & Kashmir
   AH.   Ladakh
   AI.    Lakshadweep
   AI.    Puducherry
7. Additional Resources and Readings
8. Acknowledgement 
9. About the Authors

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The Hyperledger Foundation hosts a number of open source software projects that serve as the building blocks for enterprise blockchain deployments. These projects are conceived and built by the Hyperledger developer community as freely available,  enterprise-grade software that vendors, end user organizations, service providers, start-ups, academics, and others can use to build and deploy blockchain networks and even commercial solutions.

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Hyperledger Projects

Hyperledger projects are created by global community in open source. Open source software development is a transparent process, which is particularly fitting for blockchain technologies. It brings together organizations and individuals with different requirements and drives them to work together to develop common solutions that can be the foundation for mutual success - another good parallel with blockchain.

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A developer friendly blockchain platform written in C++, aimed at helping businesses and financial institutions manage digital assets.

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Hyperledger India

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Blockchain technology has garnered significant attention and adoption in India across various sectors due to its potential to enhance transparency, security, and efficiency. The Indian government's proactive stance towards digital innovation and the robust tech ecosystem have facilitated the integration of blockchain into multiple facets of the economy.

a) Key Impact Areas

Here are key areas where blockchain adoption is making a substantial impact in India:

1. Financial Services

• Banking: Major banks like State Bank of India (SBI) and ICICI Bank are exploring blockchain for secure and efficient banking operations, including cross-border payments and trade finance. Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is into the development of CBDC.
• Insurance: Companies are utilizing blockchain to streamline claims processing, enhance fraud detection, and improve customer service.

2. Supply Chain Management

• Agriculture: Blockchain is used to track the supply chain of agricultural products, ensuring authenticity and quality. For example, APEDA uses blockchain to ensure transparency in the export of agricultural products.
• Pharmaceuticals: To combat counterfeit drugs, blockchain ensures the traceability of pharmaceutical products from manufacturers to consumers.

3. Public Sector

• Property Registration: States like Andhra Pradesh and Telangana have implemented blockchain for land and property registration, ensuring secure and tamper-proof records.
• Healthcare: The National Health Stack aims to use blockchain to create a unified health record system, improving data security and patient care.

4. Identity Management

• Digital Identity: Initiatives like Aadhaar, India’s biometric identity system, are exploring blockchain to enhance the security and privacy of identity verification processes.

5. Voting Systems

• Elections: The Election Commission of India is researching blockchain-based voting systems to enable secure and transparent remote voting for citizens, especially non-resident Indians (NRIs).

6. Energy Sector

• Renewable Energy: Blockchain is being used to manage and trade renewable energy credits, ensuring efficient and transparent energy transactions.

7. Education

• Credential Verification: Universities and educational institutions are adopting blockchain to issue and verify academic credentials, reducing fraud and streamlining the verification process.

b) Indian Blockchain Policy

Chapter

The Hyperledger India Chapter is responsible for growing the Hyperledger community in India, promoting contributions to Hyperledger projects and providing a platform for collaboration, mentoring and support. The chapter aims to showcase the broad range of Hyperledger projects and initiatives to the Indian audience. It is one of the very active chapters, and continuously organizes events, conferences, and meet-ups. You can find more details about it here.

The current leadership of India Chapter are:

Co-Chairs: Deepika P. Karanji, Vikram Sharma, Kamlesh Nagware

Student Chapter Leads: Ravi Prathap Singh, A. Anasuya Threse Innocent

Event Management Leads: Ritu Jain, Karthikey Kashyap

Developer Advocates: Nidhi Singh, Aditya Joshi, Karthikey Kashyap

Blockchain Adoption in India

Blockchain technology has garnered significant attention and adoption in India across various sectors due to its potential to enhance transparency, security, and efficiency. The Indian government's proactive stance towards digital innovation and the robust tech ecosystem have facilitated the integration of blockchain into multiple facets of the economy.

a) Key Impact Areas

Here are key areas where blockchain adoption is making a substantial impact in India:

1. Financial Services

• Banking: Major banks like State Bank of India (SBI) and ICICI Bank are exploring blockchain for secure and efficient banking operations, including cross-border payments and trade finance. Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is into the development of CBDC.
• Insurance: Companies are utilizing blockchain to streamline claims processing, enhance fraud detection, and improve customer service.

2. Supply Chain Management

• Agriculture: Blockchain is used to track the supply chain of agricultural products, ensuring authenticity and quality. For example, APEDA uses blockchain to ensure transparency in the export of agricultural products.
• Pharmaceuticals: To combat counterfeit drugs, blockchain ensures the traceability of pharmaceutical products from manufacturers to consumers.

3. Public Sector

• Property Registration: States like Andhra Pradesh and Telangana have implemented blockchain for land and property registration, ensuring secure and tamper-proof records.
• Healthcare: The National Health Stack aims to use blockchain to create a unified health record system, improving data security and patient care.

4. Identity Management

• Digital Identity: Initiatives like Aadhaar, India’s biometric identity system, are exploring blockchain to enhance the security and privacy of identity verification processes.

5. Voting Systems

• Elections: The Election Commission of India is researching blockchain-based voting systems to enable secure and transparent remote voting for citizens, especially non-resident Indians (NRIs).

6. Energy Sector

• Renewable Energy: Blockchain is being used to manage and trade renewable energy credits, ensuring efficient and transparent energy transactions.

7. Education

• Credential Verification: Universities and educational institutions are adopting blockchain to issue and verify academic credentials, reducing fraud and streamlining the verification process.

b) Indian Blockchain Policy

India's blockchain policy framework reflects the government's recognition of blockchain technology's potential to transform various sectors by enhancing transparency, security, and efficiency. The policy landscape is evolving, with multiple initiatives and regulatory measures aimed at fostering the development and India's blockchain policy framework reflects the government's recognition of blockchain technology's potential to transform various sectors by enhancing transparency, security, and efficiency. The policy landscape is evolving, with multiple initiatives and regulatory measures aimed at fostering the development and adoption of blockchain in the country. Here are key elements of India's blockchain policy:

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Uttarakhand has launched a pilot project for blockchain-based asset tracking solutions with its medical colleges. Utilizing blockchain technology as a decentralized distributed ledger, the project aims to solve inventory and asset management issues across medical colleges and hospitals. It will aggregate data from multiple centers, enabling secure cross-collaboration. This approach is expected to enhance efficiencies, improve inventory management, and reduce instances of overspending on equipment.

AA.    Uttar Pradesh

Tamil Nadu has made notable strides in the adoption of blockchain technology across various sectors. The state government launched the "Nambikkai Inaiyam" project to provide every citizen with a unique state ID, integrating essential documents into a single digital wallet accessible via the e-Pettagam App. The Tamil Nadu Blockchain Policy, established in 2020, emphasizes securing government data, academic records, land transactions, and healthcare information using blockchain. 

In December 2022, Tamil Nadu introduced Soulbound Tokens (SBTs) as digital medals, starting with the police department, to recognize outstanding achievements. These non-transferable tokens represent a person's identity and accomplishments, adding a layer of security and authenticity. In January 2023, the Tamil Nadu Police Idol Wing adopted blockchain for recording complaints and redressing grievances, a pioneering move globally. They also reward informants aiding in idol seizures with NFTs and SBTs.

Uttar Pradesh government is the India's and South-Asia's first government to introduce blockchain based peer-to-peer energy trading for roof-top solar panels, installed in Lucknow. This project is started in 2019 in collaboration with the the Uttar Pradesh Power Corporation (UPPCL), Madhyanchal Vidyut Vitran Nigam Limited (MVVNL), Uttar Pradesh New and Renewable Energy Development Agency (UPNEDA), India Smart Grid Forum(ISGF), and Power Ledger, Australia. 

Apart from the energy sector, Uttar Pradesh government has drafted its blockchain policy in 2018 itself, and successfully implemented land and revenue records in blockchain. Indian Institute of Technology - Kanpur (IIT-K) is working along with the state government and developed blockchain based technology for agricultural applications. 

The government has also piloted trials to award degrees under Niti Aayog. It started issuing digital certificates on the blockchain (IndiaChain) from the 2019 batch onwards. Niti Aayog also running blockchain-based pilots on electronic health records and land records, amongst others will be a huge boost in bringing transparency in governance and reducing fraudsBy June 2023, Tamil Nadu unveiled the Nambikkai Inaiyam (NI) blockchain infrastructure and the e-Pettagam app for secure document sharing. This system protects various records from tampering, including e-sevai certificates, academic certificates, licenses, and land transaction records. These initiatives underscore Tamil Nadu's commitment to leveraging blockchain technology for enhanced governance, transparency, and citizen services.

AB.    West Bengal 

The West Bengal government is making significant strides in integrating blockchain technology into its governance framework. The "West Bengal Blockchain Technology Promotion Guidelines, 2020" outlines a comprehensive plan to leverage blockchain for efficient service delivery, focusing on both government-to-citizen (G2C) and government-to-government (G2G) services. Key initiatives include the use of Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) by the New Town Kolkata Development Authority to manage land ownership records, enhancing transparency and eliminating manual paperwork. Additionally, municipal corporations in Durgapur and Bankura districts have developed a blockchain-based platform for issuing legal documents like birth certificates, ensuring secure processing. In collaboration with Web3 startup Airchains, a blockchain-based system for recording and tracking land ownership and mutations in New Town Kolkata has been introduced, improving transparency, security, and efficiency in land management. The guidelines also propose establishing a hybrid blockchain platform hosted within the state's data center or relevant cloud services, providing robust infrastructure for future applications. These initiatives underscore West Bengal's commitment to harnessing blockchain technology for improved governance.

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As of 2024, there isn't any publicly available information indicating significant developments in blockchain technology by the Andaman and Nicobar Islands government. 

AD.    Chandigarh

The Assistant Professors at NMIMS Chandigarh School of Commerce, have been jointly awarded a patent by the German Patent and Trademark Office for their innovation titled "Blockchain-based System of Secure Transaction Protocol for Efficient Financial Auditing of Large Organisations." Their breakthrough leverages blockchain technology to revolutionize financial auditing by addressing inefficiencies and vulnerabilities in traditional, manual, and centralized auditing systems. Utilizing a dual-layer blockchain architecture, their system enhances security, transparency, and efficiency, incorporating advanced cryptographic techniques, smart contract automation, and user-friendly interfaces. This innovation represents a significant advancement in financial auditing, data integrity, and regulatory compliance, showcasing the transformative potential of blockchain technology in large-scale financial operations.

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AI.    Lakshadweep

AI.    Puducherry

Central Government Applications:

Puducherry government is leading in the technology enhancements by providing the necessary support to its citizens and officials. It is one of the first union territories to get involved in the central government's blockchain projects. It has implemented the land registry using blockchain, certificate chain, and is working on the public distribution system using blockchain. Puducherry government is providing incentives to the logistics companies which adapt latest technologies inclusive of blockchain for real-time supply chain management. Logistics Centre of Excellence (LCoE) will provide the necessary training for incorporating the new technology in supply chain, which in turn provide Smart Enforcement by means of minimal inspection and stoppages of trucks on road.

Central Government Applications:

The Center of Excellence in Blockchain Technology which was formed in 2020 under the Ministry of Electronics & Information Technology in collaboration with the National Informatics Centre is running 5 blockchain products successfully as of June 2024. It has successfully involved 9 central organizations and states, onboarding 19 departments, and incorporating 8,08,The Center of Excellence in Blockchain Technology which was formed in 2020 under the Ministry of Electronics & Information Technology in collaboration with the National Informatics Centre is running 5 blockchain products successfully as of June 2024. It has successfully involved 9 central organizations and states, onboarding 19 departments, and incorporating 8,08,39,919 documents. It also provides 6 verification services, and there are 5 projects in PoC stage.

The 5 live blockchain products are:

Certificate Chain is developed to overcome the drawbacks of paper-based certificates. In this system, the Certificate can be accessed online by any authorized person / institution and be assured that it is genuine and not tampered – all this without the need for an intermediary. This provides the necessary trust to the agencies which use these documents to ascertain the eligibility for providing benefit to the citizens. The academic documents of Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) is being stored in the Blockchain, which is a nationwide revolutionary application.

Document Chain is a single platform that provides the issuing authorities and consuming entities a standard procedure for storage and retrieval of any document issued by the government such as caste, income, ration card, driving license, birth & death certificates etc.

The certificates / documents onboarded till now with state / department wise are given below:

Source: https://certificatechain.nic.in/Home/DocumentsOnboarded

Drug Logistics Chain provides traceability in the transactions (track & trace) reducing the changes of entry of spurious drugs, enhances precision and brings transparency. Patient can check the details of the manufacturer, expiry details & quality of the medicine before consumption. Efficient recall system can be implemented when the quality of the drug is found to be not-of-standard. The resulting integrated supply chain system brings in all stake holders to a common platform. This is successfully deployed by the Karnataka state government for the past few years.

Judiciary Chain democratize access to the justice system by reducing complexity related to availability of trusted, immutable, time-stamped data and documents.

Property Chain records the property transactions in the shared/distributed manner with all the participating stakeholders. The property transactions are recorded in the chain based on the consensus with the stakeholders. This eliminates the need for dependency on the third party or intermediary to approve the transactions. The property transactions are linked and stored with cryptographic security so that they are immutable and traceable. The linking of the blocks (group of transactions) in the Blockchain ensures that they cannot be tampered with. The property transactions are trustable as they can be verified across the participating stakeholders, resulting in a system that is secured, trusted, immutable, traceable, & verifiable. 

Most of the Indian states are providing their support for these projects and effectively implementing them in the respective states.

The central organizations and local governments involved are:

The departments onboarded till date are:

And the number of documents processed are:

The verification services provided are:

And, the projects in proof of concept stage are:

Source: https://blockchain.gov.in/

Additional Resources and Readings

Different resources have been used to write this whitepaper, and are listed here for further reading and reference.

1. https://8112310.fs1.hubspotusercontent-na1.net/hubfs/8112310/Hyperledger-Foundation-White-Paper.pdf
2. https://www.hyperledger.org/projects#All-Projects
3. https://www.meity.gov.in/writereaddata/files/National_BCT_Strategy.pdf
4. https://www.niti.gov.in/sites/default/files/2020-01/Blockchain_The_India_Strategy_Part_I.pdf
5. https://blockchain.gov.in/
6. https://www.nsws.gov.in/s3fs/2023-12/Puducherry%20Integrated%20Logistics%20Infrastructure%2C%20Multi%20Modal%20Logistics%20Park%20and%20Warehouse%20Policy%202023%20%281%29.pdf
7. https://indianmasterminds.com/features/change-makers/tamil-nadu-police-first-in-the-world-to-adopt-blockchain-technology/
8. https://www.indiatoday.in/cryptocurrency/story/tamil-nadu-government-nfts-as-digital-medal-2304022-2022-12-01
9. https://yourstory.com/the-decrypting-story/india-tamil-nadu-blockchain-mobile-wallet
10. https://tnega.tn.gov.in/assets/pdf/Blockchan_Policy_TamilNadu.pdf
11. https://certificatechain.nic.in/
12. https://invest.up.gov.in/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Uttar-Pradesh-Government_091023.pdf
13. https://www.mercomindia.com/uttar-pradesh-blockchain-rooftop-solar-trading
14. https://entrackr.com/2018/07/uttar-pradesh-build-blockchain/

Acknowledgement 

About the Authors

A Anasuya Threse Innocent 

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